Avoiding unintended consequences when inscribing intangible heritage on UNESCO’s lists: some questions for communities, scholars and officials

Abstract

This article examines the unforeseen risks and challenges that may arise in the process of nominating Binh Dinh Traditional Martial Arts for inscription as an Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) by UNESCO. The article provides an in-depth analysis of several key aspects of the value of Binh Dinh Traditional Martial Arts, including its diversity, characterized by a wide array of techniques and variations; the presence of numerous practice centers and schools; its role not only as a physical and mental training regimen but also as a form of 'folk performing art'; and its capacity to foster overall health and well-being. Building upon this framework, the article critically assesses the potential risks associated with the ICH inscription process. These include the risk of mythologizing the past, which could lead to historical debates that overshadow the contemporary relevance of the heritage; the risk of diminishing the community's decisive role in managing ICH due to excessive administrative interference; the threat of undermining the inherent diversity of Binh Dinh Traditional Martial Arts through negative trends of standardization; and the risk of the heritage becoming over-commercialized.